Mojopahit Empire

Story Mojopahit Empire

Majapahit is a great empire centered on Java island in East Java, Indonesia, and stood around the year 1293 to 1500 AD and controls most of the country, Layout and Location of Majapahit empire originated from a small village in the forest this fascination. Founder of the founder of the kingdom of Majapahit Raden Wijaya who was crowned with the name in Kertarajasa Jaya Ward. Based on the book Kartagama state in its heyday, is the kingdom of Majapahit palace Adiluhur with culture, elegant and sophisticated. The taste of high art and literature with an elaborate system of religious rituals two great Hindu-Buddhist religions that embrace people coexist in harmony is not surprising that Majapahit depicted as a giant Mandala which stretches from Sumatra to Papua. heyday of Majapahit empire reached its peak in the time of King Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada in the 14th century. Pity after the death of its former glory Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit kingdom gradually dimmed and suffered a setback due to the power conflict and civil war.

Surya Majapahit (Majapahit Sun) -Wikipedia
oath palapa and Majapahit kingdom's territory
Majapahit kingdom is one of the last great empire in this archipelago who left many relics that could expose Nagarakertagama greatness and the raton noted various civilizations Wilwatikta tatakota Trowulan image in the wake of terracotta tuban port and shipbuilding raising irrigation canals and agricultural systems candi- temples and manners of society elephant mada echoed oath palapa which is the concept of culturally diverse of the oath that Majapahit menenamkan influence of power that covers the tip of the Peninsula malaya to the western part of Papua although in paint rebellion and division in every government history will not forget the kingdom of Majapahit as part of archipelago glorious civilization.

Gajah Mada And oath palapa
temple of the kingdom of Majapahit
One evidence of the kingdom of Majapahit inscriptions that might be a description of the high civilization in the era of the Majapahit in Candi Ceto. It is said Candi Ceto believed to be the location of the escape and muksanya Last Majapahit king Brawijaya V. Ceto name itself comes from the Javanese language, which means clear, some interpret clearly because of the high temple position because it can see the view unobstructed. Obviously it could also be interpreted as an enlightenment in life spiritually advanced. Candi Ceto Ceto hamlet located in the village of the District Gumeng coral Jendawi Anyar, Central Java, Ceto has a similar form with any adjacent Sukuh distance of approximately 11 kilometers only difference Ceto higher position is approximately 1,496 meters above sea level. Based symbols years in found Ceto temple built in 1475 AD with the difference of 40 years Sukuh founded in 1437 AD. This reinforces the notion that society is a society that is the same build of Majapahit.


Candi Ceto

Candi Ceto at first found by van de Vlies in 1842 the temple was at that time just a stone ruins on the 14-storey sediment extends from west to east. The structure is terraced patio riddling their native archipelago syncretism beliefs with Hinduism, the restoration will be undertaken by Sujono Humardani one trust President Soeharto in the 70s in the suspect lot to change the original structure of the temple.

The new building restoration result of which is a magnificent gate in front of the temple pavilion building of several sculptures in wood and building core sakralkan cuboid at peak punden.

The main building of Candi Ceto seem to differ from the temple in general, adopt a structure punden tune the main sanctuary building at the highest point. Impression of their worship of ancestral spirits was getting stronger, Candi temple in the area around Mount Lawu like Ceto and was impressed by the unique tribe. The form is almost the same as the virtual nation holy building raises many unsolved mysteries.

Formerly in the New Order Ceto temple complex is only utilized by certain people only. Now the Hindu religious pilgrims from Bali many come to worship that was also for the followers of indigenous beliefs Java or kejawen. The pilgrims believe Ceto temple is sacred buildings inherited ancestors of Majapahit.

Ceto temple consists of nine terraces, the first terrace is a temple courtyard in the outermost position where we can see the wonderful views towards the sunset. Some statues guard of stones placed in front of the gates of its unique shape and figure that unlike Java rise to various polemics in the community. In front of the main gate of the temple there is a statue Ceto unusual in general, as the statue using headgear ear ornament to ornament hand

The first terrace is located on the east side to the west of the temple is getting higher position every terrace connected by gates and footpaths are getting smaller and steeper philosophy is to achieve a spiritual perfection in need of struggle that is not easy. Second terrace in the trust of citizens as a petilasan Ki Ageng Krincing Wesi ancestral village communities CETO. These locations are usually in use for worship beginning at the time of entering the Temple area Ceto.

"Generally temples were facing east but there is little difference he is to face west and here is caused because a cult was facing up to num where people revere the temple was found on the god that sits on top of the mountain "said Dr. Agi Gina archaeologists.

Furthermore, on the second terrace, there is a relief composition of rocks on land that forms the specific symbols when viewed from the terrace at the top expanse of rocks arranged to form the eagle spread its wings. In Hindu mythology the eagle in trust as a vehicle of Lord Vishnu who symbolizes the world over. While the arrangement of stones that make up the Tortoise is a symbol of Lord Vishnu symbolizes the underworld. At the end of the two wings of the eagle are symbols shaped form of the sun so even in the head garudanya these signs clearly directing Surya Majapahit emblem. Sightings symbol of fertility and the process of creating a soul in sight in the reliefs meeting Lingga and Yomi large enough that makes Candi Ceto often dubbed as Lanang Temple or Temple Men. The existence of Lingga and Yoni in the holy building is a symbol of the figure of Shiva and his wife Uma, Lingga and Yoni in sakralkan because it is considered also as a symbol of prosperity.

Location Candi Ceto is far from the center of the kingdom of Majapahit in East Java position was at an altitude slopes of Mount Lawu Central Java, so it is difficult to reach. It could be the existence of Candi Ceto be indicative of displacement of a group of people to a location more conducive due to the political changes that occurred at the end of the greatness of Majapahit.

Period community Ceto temple built in the suspect is a period in which the influence of Hindu Shiva and beliefs in ancestors was so strong. They built the temple as a place peruatan by displaying puppet story as found in the fourth terrace.

One of the reliefs on Candi Ceto peruatan form Sudamala story, tells the story of Uma who turns into a sinister figure named Batarin Durga for violating the rules of Lord Shiva. Batarin Durga was forced to serve his sentence for 12 years and finally freed again through the help Sadewa the youngest brother of the Pandavas.

"From the reliefs contained in both the tribe and Ceto address that there Lengga three stories Sudamala then Narawuji and there is also a story about if no one is born Bima be taken from Mahabharata all sourced from there from that address that the tradition of wayang or the Mahabharata more popular educators so that the symbols that exist in all the puppet story in reliefkan in temples, "said Dr. Sri Margana Historian.

Relief Sudamala give exact instructions on the function of sacred buildings in Ceto where in langsungkan worship ceremony intended to rid themselves of the bad karma to reach consciousness.

In the fifth and sixth terrace Candi Ceto there is a pavilion that used to rest or prepare for a religious ceremony. It seems clear that this pavilion is the result of the renovation of new buildings. Up to the seventh terrace there are two statues are believed as the embodiment of figure Sapdo Palon and Nayah genggong Both are fire palace spiritual adviser to King UB-v there are also two enclosed building that is usually used as a place to meditate.

Candi Tikus

Candi Tikus

Candi Tikus located in the hamlet Dinuk, Temon Village, District Trowulan, Mojokerto, East Java, about 13 km in the southeast city of Mojokerto. From the highway Mojokerto and Jombang, at the intersection Trowulan, turned east, past the pool Segaran and Bajangratu temple located on the left of the road. Candi Tikus also located on the left side of the road, about 600 m from the Temple Bajangratu.
Rat Temple originally been buried in the ground was rediscovered in 1914. Excavations conducted based on the report's website Regent Mojokerto, R.A.A. Kromojoyo Adinegoro, about the discovery of a miniature temple in a cemetery people. Thorough restoration carried out in 1984 and 1985. The name 'Rat' is just a term that is used by local communities. That said, when it is found, where the temple is located is a rat's nest.

Resources have not obtained written clearly explains about when, for what, and by whom the Rat Temple was built. However, with their miniature estimated temple tower was built between 13 to 14 century AD, as a miniature tower is characteristic of architecture of that period.

Candi Tikus shape that resembles an petirtaan invite debate among historians and archeology of the function. Some experts argue that this temple is petirtaan, showers royal family, but there are some experts who argue that the building as a shelter and distribution of water for residents Trowulan. However, the Meru-shaped towers led to speculation that the temple also serves as a place of worship.

Rat Temple building resembles a petirtaan or baths, a pool with several buildings in it. Most of the buildings or rectangular with a size of 29.5 m x 28.25 m, is made of red bricks. What is interesting, is its lesser of about 3.5 m above the surrounding land. On the top surface are about 75 cm-wide corridor that surrounds the building. In the inside, down about 1 m, there is a wider walkways around the poolside. The entrance to the temple there on the north side, in the form of stair width of 3.5 m heading to the bottom of the pool.

On the left and right foot of the stairs there is a rectangular pool measuring 3.5 m x 2 m with a depth of 1.5 m. On the outer wall of each pond were lined three lotus-shaped fountains (lotus) made of andesite.
Right facing the stairs, rather go to the south side, there is a rectangular building with a size of 7.65 m x 7.65 m. On top of this building there is a 'tower' as high as about 2 m with Meru shaped roof with a flat top. The tower is located in the center of the building is surrounded by eight towers similar smaller ones. Around the walls of the building lined 17 feet of the lotus-shaped fountains and makara.
Another interesting point is the existence of two types of bricks of different sizes are used in the construction of this temple. Walking temple consists of large-sized red brick structure covered with red brick structure that is smaller. In addition to the foot of the building, the shower water contained in the temple This is of two types, made of brick and stone andesite.

The difference of the building materials used led to speculation that the Rat Temple was built by stages. In the first phase of construction of the temple's foot red brick used large, while in the second stage used red bricks smaller. In other words, the red brick larger older than the age of the smaller ones. Fountain made of red brick expected to be made in the first stage, because its still stiff. Shower of andesite finer sculpture is estimated to be made in the second phase. However, it is not known for certain

FYI

CANDI BAJANGRATU

CANDI BAJANGRATU 

Bajangratu temple located in Dukuh Kraton, Temon Village, District Trowulan, Mojokerto, about 3.5 km from the temple Wringinlawang and about 600 m from the Rat Temple. This temple still keeps a lot of things that have not known for certain, either on the year of manufacture, the king who ordered its construction, function, and other aspects.

Bajangratu name was first mentioned in Oudheidkunding Verslag (OV) in 1915. Archaeologists suspect Sri Soeyatmi Satari Bajangratu name has something to do with Jayanegara king of Majapahit, because the word 'bajang' means dwarf. According to the Pararaton and folklore, Jayanegara crowned bajang or when the age is still small, so the title of Queen Bajang or Bajangratu attached to it.

Regarding the function of the temple, it is estimated that the temple was erected to honor Jayanegara Bajangratu. This estimate is their basic relief Sri Tanjung in the foot arch depict the story of the cleansing. Relief that the purification of a story found also, among others, in Surawana. Surawana allegedly built connection with the death Bhre Wengker (late 7th century).

In the Book of Pararaton explained that Jayanegara died in 1328 ( 'sira ta dhinar clicking Kapopongan, bhiseka ring ring csrenggapura Pratista Antarawulan'). It also said that the King Jayanegara, who returned to nature Vishnu (d) in 1328, made a sacred place in kedaton, made the statue in the form of Vishnu in Shila Petak and Bubat, as well as the statue made in the form Amoghasidhi in Sukalila. According to Krom, Csrenggapura the same Pararaton with Antarasasi (Antarawulan) in Negarakertagama, so it can be concluded that the 'dharma' (shrine) located in King Jayanegara Kapopongan Csrenggapura alias alias alias Antarawulan Crirangga temple, which is now called Trowulan. Arca embodiment of the king in the form of Vishnu is also contained in Bubat (Trowulan). Only the location Shila Petak (Selapethak) is unknown.

In addition to the above opinion, there are other ideas on the function of the Temple Bajangratu. Given the shape is paduraksa gate or archway topped with stairs up and down, Bajangratu thought to be one of the Majapahit palace gates. This forecast is supported by its location not far from the location of the former palace of Majapahit.

Bajangratu estimated established between the 13th century and into the 14th, given: 1) Forecast function as the cleansing of the temple of King Jayanegara who died in 1328 AD; 2) Shape similar to the temple gate to the year in Panataran Blitar; 3) Relief decorate the door frame that is similar to relief Ramayana in Penataran; 4) Form of relief of a dragon that shows the influence of the Yuan Dynasty. J.L.A. Brandes estimates that Bajangratu built at the same time as the construction of Candi Jago in Tumpang, Malang, judging from the reliefs of lions flanking the left and right side head Kala, which is also contained in the Candi Jago. Jago Temple itself was probably built in the 13th century.

Bajangratu temple occupies a fairly wide area. The entire temple building is made of red brick, except the stairs and inside the roof. Relative to form an arch-topped, Candi Bajangratu facing in two directions, ie east-west. Altitude temple until the peak of the roof is 16.1 m and a length of 6.74 m. Gapura Bajangratu have wings on the right and left. On each side flanking the stairs are ornate lion and the long-eared animals. At the foot of the temple wall, flanking the stairs, there is a relief Sri Tanjung, while the left and right of the front wall, flanking the door, there is a relief Ramayana. The door of the temple is decorated with relief when the head is located just above the threshold. At the foot of the doorway are still visible holes where plugging sills. Perhaps the first door is equipped with a door.

BRAHU TEMPLE

BRAHU TEMPLE

Brahu located in Hamlet cashew, Bejijong Village, District Trowulan, Mojokerto. Right in front of the Sanctuary of Historical and Archeological East Java is located in Mojokerto and Jombang highway there is the entrance to the north are a bit cramped but had been paved. Brahu located on the right side of the small street, about 1.8 km from the highway.

Others have suggested that Brahu older than the other temples around Trowulan. Brahu name associated estimated to come from the word 'Wanaru' or 'Warahu', which is the name of a sacred building that is mentioned in the inscription copper 'Alasantan' were found to be approximately 45 meters to the west of Brahu. The inscription was made in the year 861 Saka or, rather, on September 9 939 AD on the orders of King Mpu Sindok of Kahuripan. According to the surrounding community, the temple was formerly functioning as a cremation kings Brawijaya. However, the results of research conducted on the temple did not show any traces of ash or dead bodies, because the temple is now empty.

In the vicinity of the temple complex ever discovered ancient objects others, such as a ceremony of metals, jewelry and other objects of gold, as well as statues of metal, all of which demonstrate the characteristics of Buddhism, thus deduced that Brahu a Buddhist temple , Although none of the statue of Buddha that were found there, but the style of the building as well as the rest of the board profile stupa located on the southeast side of the temple roof reinforces the notion that Brahu is a Buddhist temple. It is estimated that this temple was founded in the 15th century AD

The temple is facing west, berdenah rectangular base measuring 18 x 22.5 m and remaining high until now reaches about 20 m. As is generally the other ancient buildings were found in Trowulan, Brahu also made of red brick. However, in contrast to other temples, the body shape is not expressly Brahu square but many angled, obtuse and notched. The middle part of his body curved into like waist. The indentation is reinforced by the pattern of bricks on the west wall or front wall of the temple. The roof is also not a double decker shaped prism-shaped or square, angular but many with a flat top.
Foot of the temple was built compound two. The lower leg as high as about 2 m, has a staircase on the west side, heading into the corridor width of about 1 m around the body of the temple. From the first hall there are stairs as high as about 2 m into the hall the second. On top of this second hall of the temple stood. On the west side, there is a kind of door opening at a height of about 2 m from the lobby. Perhaps the first, there are stairs up from the lobby to the door in the body of the temple, but this time the ladder is no longer there, making it difficult for visitors to get into the room at the temple's body. It is said in the room spacious enough so it can accommodate about 30 people. On the feet, body and roof of the temple was not found adorned with reliefs or carvings. It's just bricks in the legs, the body wall and roof of the temple is set so that an image or geometric patterned indentations beautiful.
Brahu began restoration in 1990 and completed in 1995. According to the surrounding community, not far from Brahu formerly contained several other temples, like the temples Muteran, Gedong, Middle Temple and Temple Gentong, which now no longer visible.

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